Learn to base your judgment on reality

Use group discussions to ensure you have the right understanding
For example, after you read a book or listen to a lecture, take a test to check how well you have mastered the information. Sit in a small group and try to reach a consensus on the correct answers for the questions in the test. Explain your understanding to others, receive feedback, and compare your mastery of the subject to everyone else.

Seek corrective feedback from others
For example, ask a peer, mentor, or teacher for feedback about your performance. You can also watch how a competent colleague handles their work and then compare your output with theirs.

Work alongside a more experienced partner
If you’re just starting at a job, pair up with an experienced practitioner who can show you the ropes. This way, you can calibrate your judgment and learning ability better.

Use training simulations to assess your skill level
For example, if you’re an amateur pilot, use video-based scenarios that simulate the demands and conditions of a real flight to assess your competence. This can also show you which areas to focus on to improve your skills.